MOTS-c

A mitochondrial peptide studied for exercise capacity and insulin sensitivity.

What it is

MOTS-c is encoded by mitochondrial DNA rather than the cell nucleus, which makes it unusual among studied peptides.

How it works

It activates AMPK, the cellular energy sensor also triggered by exercise and metformin, shifting cells toward using fuel rather than storing it.

What it is researched for

• Insulin sensitivity
• Exercise capacity in animal models
• Metabolic ageing

Research status

Animal and early human research. Not approved.

What to watch for

• Thin human safety data
• Injection site irritation

Storage

Lyophilised powder keeps in the freezer or fridge, away from light. Once reconstituted with bacteriostatic water, keep it refrigerated and use it within about four weeks.

Common questions

Is it an exercise mimetic?

Mouse studies showed improved running capacity, which is where that description comes from. Human confirmation is missing.

How long do protocols run?

Most cited blocks run 4 to 6 weeks with a break afterwards.

Educational reference only, not medical advice.