What Are GLP-1 Peptides?
GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) receptor agonists are a class of medications that mimic the GLP-1 hormone naturally produced in your gut. They have revolutionized weight management and diabetes treatment.
How GLP-1 Peptides Work
GLP-1 receptor agonists work through multiple mechanisms:
- Appetite suppression: Signals the brain to reduce hunger
- Delayed gastric emptying: Food stays in stomach longer, increasing fullness
- Blood sugar regulation: Stimulates insulin release when blood sugar is high
- Reduced glucagon: Decreases liver glucose production
Types of GLP-1 Medications
Semaglutide
Brand names: Ozempic (diabetes), Wegovy (weight loss), Rybelsus (oral)
- Single GLP-1 receptor agonist
- Weekly injection or daily oral tablet
- Dosing: Up to 2.4mg weekly for weight loss
- Average weight loss: 15-17%
Tirzepatide
Brand names: Mounjaro (diabetes), Zepbound (weight loss)
- Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist
- Weekly injection only
- Dosing: Up to 15mg weekly
- Average weight loss: 20-22%
Liraglutide
Brand names: Victoza (diabetes), Saxenda (weight loss)
- Single GLP-1 receptor agonist
- Daily injection
- Dosing: Up to 3mg daily
- Average weight loss: 8-10%
Retatrutide (Investigational)
- Triple agonist: GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon
- Still in clinical trials
- Early results show up to 24% weight loss
Comparing GLP-1 Options
| Medication | Frequency | Max Dose | Avg Weight Loss |
|---|---|---|---|
| Semaglutide | Weekly | 2.4mg | 15-17% |
| Tirzepatide | Weekly | 15mg | 20-22% |
| Liraglutide | Daily | 3mg | 8-10% |
Common Side Effects
GLP-1 medications share similar side effects:
- Nausea (most common, usually improves)
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Abdominal discomfort
- Decreased appetite
Managing Side Effects
- Start with lower doses and titrate slowly
- Eat smaller, more frequent meals
- Avoid high-fat and greasy foods
- Stay well hydrated
- Eat slowly and stop when satisfied
Important Considerations
- These are prescription medications
- Not suitable for everyone (contraindications exist)
- Require medical supervision
- Weight may return if medication is discontinued
- Work best combined with diet and exercise